Can depression spur the development of diabetes? A recent study in the Archives of Internal Medicine concludes that older patients who are depressed have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The 10-year study consisted of 4,681 patients over the age of 65 who did not have diabetes at the beginning of the study in 1989. Researchers performed annual screenings and assessed the patients for symptoms of depression related to mood, concentration, sleep and other symptoms.
The study concluded that each measure of depressive symptoms had a significant association with diabetes. Elde

A 32-year-old female presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of multiple pruritic lesions on the tops of both feet. The lesions have been present for several months and appear to be increasing in number and size. The patient has not seen any other physician for this problem and she has not been putting any medications on the condition.
The patient reports the lesions start as very small red bumps and itch a great deal. After scratching the bumps, she says the lesions get bigger and new itchy bumps occur around the area in a few days or so. The condition is so bad at this time that she c

Equinus is defined as the inability to dorsiflex the ankle sufficiently enough to allow the heel to contact the supporting surface without some form of compensation in the mechanics of the lower limb and foot. During the stance phase of gait, the greatest degree of dorsiflexion required is just before heel lift when the knee is maximally extended and the ankle must dorsiflex past perpendicular for smooth ambulation.

There is a great deal of controversy in the literature as to the amount of dorsiflexion truly necessary for this to occur. It is therefore better to consider a normative range

A host of potential complications may result from hammertoe surgery and the most common list includes but is not limited to: infection, neuritis, painful or unsightly scarring, chronic swelling, malunion or nonunion of bone, and recurrence of deformity. While these untoward results can occur, they are unlikely if both the surgeon and the patient follow the basic principles of surgery and postoperative care. Other complications of hammertoe surgery are possible and many of these are the result of technical failures in performing the procedure.
Complications in hammertoe surgery often have mor

It has been estimated that 209,000 patients undergo surgery for hallux abducto valgus correction each year in the United States.1 The National Center for Health Statistics states that hallux abducto valgus affects 1 percent of the adult population in the U.S.2
Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) deformities have traditionally been classified as ranging from mild to severe. A recent study by Engel correlated the relationship of subchondral bone cyst formation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) and the severity of HAV deformity.3 The intraoperative repair of s